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This City Hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1964 and Will Again in 2020.

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Major international multi-sport result

The Summer Olympic Games (French: Jeux olympiques d'été), also known every bit the Games of the Olympiad, are a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. The countdown Games took identify in 1896 in Athens, Hellenic republic, and nigh recently the 2022 Summertime Olympics were celebrated in 2022 in Tokyo, Japan. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) organises the Games and oversees the host urban center's preparations. In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first identify, silvery medals are awarded for 2d identify, and statuary medals are awarded for third place; this tradition began in 1904. The Winter Olympic Games were created out of the success of the Summer Olympics. Information technology is regarded as the largest and most prestigious multi-sport international event in the world.

The Olympics have increased in scope from a 42-issue competition plan with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations in 1896 to 306 events with 11,238 competitors (6,179 men, 5,059 women) from 206 nations in 2016. The Summer Olympics have been hosted on v continents by a total of 19 countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (1904, 1932, 1984, and 1996), 3 times in Great Britain (1908, 1948, and 2012), twice each in Greece (1896 and 2004), France (1900 and 1924), Frg (1936 and 1972), Australia (1956 and 2000) and Japan (1964 and 2020), and once each in Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), kingdom of the netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italy (1960), Mexico (1968), Canada (1976), the Soviet Matrimony (1980), Republic of korea (1988), Spain (1992), Cathay (2008) and Brazil (2016).

London has hosted the Summer Olympic Games a tape three times, followed by Paris, Los Angeles, Athens and Tokyo, where the Games have been held twice. Paris will join London by hosting the Olympics for the third time in 2024, followed past Los Angeles which will concord the 2028 Games; Brisbane volition then host the 2032 Olympics.[1] [2]

Only v countries accept participated in every Summertime Olympic Games: Australia, France, United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, Greece, and Switzerland. United kingdom is the only country to have won a gold medal at each edition of the Games. The United States leads the all-fourth dimension medal count at the Summertime Olympics, and has topped the medal table on xviii carve up occasions — followed by the USSR (half-dozen times), and France, Britain, Germany, Communist china, and the ex-Soviet 'Unified Squad' (one time each).

Hosting [edit]

Map of Summer Olympic Games locations – countries that have hosted i Summertime Olympics are shaded green, while countries that take hosted two or more than are shaded bluish

The United states of america hosted the Summertime Olympic Games four times: the 1904 Games were held in St. Louis, Missouri; the 1932 and 1984 Games were both held in Los Angeles, California, and the 1996 Games were held in Atlanta, Georgia. The 2028 Games in Los Angeles will marker the fifth occasion on which the Summer Games have been hosted past the U.South.

In 2012, Great Britain hosted its third Summer Olympic Games in London, which became the first urban center always to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games three times. The cities of Los Angeles, Paris, and Athens (excluding 1906) have each hosted 2 Summer Olympic Games. In 2024, France volition host its third Summer Olympic Games in its uppercase, making Paris the second city ever to have hosted three Summertime Olympics. And in 2028, Los Angeles will in plough become the tertiary city ever to take hosted the Games three times.

Australia, France, Federal republic of germany, Greece and Japan all hosted the Summer Olympic Games twice (with France and Commonwealth of australia planned to host in 2024 and 2032, respectively, taking both countries to iii each). Tokyo, Nippon, hosted 2022 Summertime Olympics, and became the beginning metropolis outside the predominantly English-speaking and European nations to have hosted the Summertime Olympics twice, having already hosted the Games in 1964;[3] it is as well the largest city ever to accept hosted, having grown considerably since 1964. The other countries to have hosted the Summer Olympics are Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Republic of finland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Southward Korea, Soviet Matrimony, Spain, and Sweden, with each of these countries having hosted the Summertime Games on i occasion.

Asia has hosted the Summer Olympics iv times: in Tokyo (1964 and 2020), Seoul (1988), and Beijing (2008).

The 2022 Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were the offset Summer Olympics to exist held in South America and the first that was held completely during the local "winter" season. The only 2 countries in the Southern Hemisphere to have hosted the Summertime Olympics have been Australia (1956, 2000, and upcoming 2032) and Brazil (2016), with Africa having all the same to host any Summer Olympics.

Stockholm, Sweden, has hosted events at 2 Summer Olympics, having been sole host of the 1912 Games, and hosting the equestrian events at the 1956 Summer Olympics (which they are credited as jointly hosting with Melbourne, Commonwealth of australia).[four] Amsterdam, Netherlands, has also hosted events at two Summer Olympic Games, having been sole host of the 1928 Games and previously hosting two of the sailing races at the 1920 Summer Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Hong Kong provided the venues for the equestrian events, which took identify in Sha Tin and Kwu Tung.

History [edit]

Early years [edit]

The International Olympic Committee was founded in 1894 when Pierre de Coubertin, a French pedagogue and historian, sought to promote international agreement through sporting competition. The first edition of The Olympic Games was held in Athens in 1896 and attracted just 245 competitors, of whom more than 200 were Greek, and only 14 countries were represented. Nevertheless, no international events of this magnitude had been organised earlier. Female athletes were non allowed to compete, though i woman, Stamata Revithi, ran the marathon course on her own, saying "If the committee doesn't let me compete I will go after them regardless".[five]

The 1896 Summer Olympics, officially known every bit the Games of the Olympiad, was an international multi-sport upshot which was celebrated in Athens, Greece, from half dozen to 15 April 1896. It was the get-go Olympic Games held in the Modern era. About 100,000 people attended for the opening of the games. The athletes came from 14 nations, with about coming from Greece. Although Greece had the near athletes, the U.S. finished with the most champions. 11 Americans placed first in their events vs. the ten from Greece.[6] Ancient Greece was the birthplace of the Olympic Games, consequently Athens was perceived to exist an appropriate pick to phase the countdown modernistic Games. It was unanimously chosen equally the host metropolis during a congress organised by Pierre de Coubertin in Paris, on 23 June 1894. The IOC was also established during this congress.

Despite many obstacles and setbacks, the 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success. The Games had the largest international participation of any sporting event to that date. Panathinaiko Stadium, the first big stadium in the mod world, overflowed with the largest oversupply always to lookout a sporting event.[7] The highlight for the Greeks was the marathon victory by their compatriot Spiridon Louis, a water carrier. He won in 2 hours 58 minutes and l seconds, setting off wild celebrations at the stadium. The most successful competitor was German language wrestler and gymnast Carl Schuhmann, who won four gilt medals.

Greek officials and the public were enthusiastic almost the feel of hosting an Olympic Games. This feeling was shared past many of the athletes, who even demanded that Athens be the permanent Olympic host city. The IOC intended for subsequent Games to be rotated to various host cities around the world. The second Olympics was held in Paris.[8]

4 years afterwards the 1900 Summertime Olympics in Paris attracted more than four times as many athletes, including 20 women, who were allowed to officially compete for the first time, in croquet, golf game, sailing, and tennis. The Games were integrated with the Paris World'southward Off-white and lasted over 5 months. It is notwithstanding disputed which events exactly were Olympic, since few or maybe even none of the events were advertised equally such at the time.

Dorando Pietri finishes the mod marathon at the current altitude

Tensions acquired by the Russo–Japanese War and the difficulty of getting to St. Louis may have contributed to the fact that very few height-ranked athletes from outside the US and Canada took office in the 1904 Games.[9]

A serial of smaller games were held in Athens in 1906. The IOC does non currently recognise these games as being official Olympic Games, although many historians do. The 1906 Athens games were the first of an alternating series of games to be held in Athens, but the series failed to materialise. The games were more successful than the 1900 and 1904 games, with over 900 athletes competing, and contributed positively to the success of future games.

The 1908 London Games saw numbers rise again, as well every bit the commencement running of the marathon over its now-standard distance of 42.195  km (26 miles 385 yards). The first Olympic Marathon in 1896 (a male-only race) was raced at a distance of 40  km (24 miles 85 yards). The new marathon altitude was chosen to ensure that the race finished in front end of the box occupied by the British royal family. Thus the marathon had been 40 km (24.nine mi) for the starting time games in 1896, just was after varied by up to 2 km (1.ii mi) due to local conditions such equally street and stadium layout. At the half dozen Olympic games between 1900 and 1920, the marathon was raced over six distances. The Games saw Bang-up Britain winning 146 medals, 99 more than 2d-placed Americans, its all-time event to this day.

At the end of the 1908 marathon, the Italian runner Dorando Pietri was kickoff to enter the stadium, only he was clearly in distress and collapsed of exhaustion before he could complete the event. He was helped over the terminate line by concerned race officials and subsequently disqualified for that. As compensation for the missing medal, Queen Alexandra gave Pietri a gilt argent cup. Arthur Conan Doyle wrote a special study virtually the race in the Daily Postal service.[x]

The Games connected to abound, attracting 2,504 competitors, to Stockholm in 1912, including the great all-rounder Jim Thorpe, who won both the decathlon and pentathlon. Thorpe had previously played a few games of baseball for a fee, and saw his medals stripped for this 'breach' of amateurism afterward complaints from Avery Brundage. They were reinstated in 1983, 30 years after his decease. The Games at Stockholm were the first to fulfil Pierre de Coubertin's original idea. For the first time since the Games started in 1896 were all five inhabited continents represented with athletes competing in the same stadium.

The scheduled 1916 Summer Olympics were cancelled following the onset of World War I.

Interwar era [edit]

The 1920 Antwerp games in war-ravaged Belgium were a subdued affair, but once more drew a tape number of competitors. This record only stood until 1924, when the Paris Games involved 3,000 competitors, the greatest of whom was Finnish runner Paavo Nurmi. The "Flight Finn" won iii squad gold medals and the individual 1,500 and v,000 meter runs, the latter ii on the same day.[xi]

The 1928 Amsterdam games was notable for existence the offset games which allowed females to compete at track & field athletics, and benefited greatly from the general prosperity of the times aslope the outset advent of sponsorship of the games, from the Coca-Cola Visitor. The 1928 games saw the introduction of a standard medal design with the IOC choosing Giuseppe Cassioli's depiction of Greek goddess Nike and a winner existence carried past a crowd of people. This pattern was used upwards until 1972.[ commendation needed ]

The 1932 Los Angeles games were afflicted by the Corking Depression, which contributed to the low number of competitors.

The 1936 Berlin Games were seen by the German authorities as a gilded opportunity to promote their ideology. The ruling Nazi Political party commissioned movie-maker Leni Riefenstahl to picture the games. The result, Olympia, was widely considered to be a masterpiece, despite Hitler's theories of Aryan racial superiority being repeatedly shown up past "non-Aryan" athletes. In particular, African-American sprinter and long jumper Jesse Owens won four golden medals. The 1936 Berlin Games also saw the introduction of the Torch Relay.[12]

Due to World War II, the 1940 Games (due to exist held in Tokyo and temporarily relocated to Helsinki upon the outbreak of war) were cancelled. The 1944 Games were due to be held in London but were likewise cancelled; instead, London hosted the starting time games after the end of the war, in 1948.

After World War II [edit]

The start postal service-war Games were held in 1948 in London, with both Federal republic of germany and Nippon excluded. Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen won 4 gold medals on the track, emulating Owens' accomplishment in Berlin.

At the 1952 Games in Helsinki the USSR team competed for the first fourth dimension and immediately became one of the dominant teams (finishing 2nd both in the number of gilt and overall medals won). Soviet immediate success might be explained by the advent of the state-sponsored "total-time amateur athlete". The USSR entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-fourth dimension basis, hence violating amateur rules.[thirteen] [xiv] Finland made a legend of an amiable Czechoslovak army lieutenant named Emil Zátopek, who was intent on improving on his single gold and argent medals from 1948. Having start won both the ten,000 and 5,000-meter races, he besides entered the marathon, despite having never previously raced at that distance. Pacing himself past chatting with the other leaders, Zátopek led from about halfway, slowly dropping the remaining contenders to win by two and a half minutes, and completed a trio of wins.

The 1956 Melbourne Games were largely successful, barring a water polo friction match between Hungary and the Soviet Union, which the Soviet invasion of Republic of hungary caused to end as a pitched battle between the teams. Due to a foot-and-mouth affliction outbreak in Britain at the time and the strict quarantine laws of Commonwealth of australia, the equestrian events were held in Stockholm.

At the 1960 Rome Games a immature lite-heavyweight boxer named Cassius Dirt, later known every bit Muhammad Ali, arrived on the scene. Ali would later throw his gold medal away in disgust after existence refused service in a whites-only restaurant in his home town of Louisville, Kentucky.[15] He was awarded a new medal 36 years later at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta. Other performers of annotation in 1960 included Wilma Rudolph, a gold medallist in the 100 meters, 200 meters and 4 × 100 meters relay events.

The 1964 Games held in Tokyo are notable for heralding the modernistic historic period of telecommunications. These games were the start to be broadcast worldwide on television, enabled by the recent advent of communication satellites. The 1964 Games were thus a turning bespeak in the global visibility and popularity of the Olympics. Judo debuted as an official sport, and Dutch judoka Anton Geesink created quite a stir when he won the concluding of the open weight segmentation, defeating Akio Kaminaga in front of his home crowd.

The opening ceremony for the Games of 1968, in Mexico City, the beginning held in Latin America

Performances at the 1968 Mexico City games were affected by the altitude of the host metropolis.[xvi] The 1968 Games as well introduced the now-universal Fosbury flop, a technique which won American loftier jumper Dick Fosbury the gold medal. In the medal award ceremony for the men'southward 200 meter race, black American athletes Tommie Smith (gilded) and John Carlos (bronze) took a stand for civil rights by raising their black-gloved fists and wearing black socks in lieu of shoes. They were banned by the IOC. Věra Čáslavská, in protest to the 1968 Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia and the controversial decision by the judges on the Balance Axle and Floor, turned her head downwards and abroad from the Soviet flag whilst the anthem played during the medal ceremony. She returned domicile every bit a heroine of the Czechoslovak people but was made an outcast by the Soviet-dominated government.

Politics again intervened at Munich in 1972, with lethal consequences. A Palestinian terrorist group named Blackness September invaded the Olympic village and bankrupt into the apartment of the Israeli delegation. They killed two Israelis and held 9 others equally hostages. The terrorists demanded that Israel release numerous prisoners. When the Israeli regime refused their demand, a tense stand-off ensued while negotiations continued. Eventually, the captors, still holding their hostages, were offered condom passage and taken to an airdrome, where they were ambushed by German security forces. In the firefight that followed, xv people, including the nine Israeli athletes and 5 of the terrorists, were killed. After much fence, it was decided that the Games would proceed, only proceedings were obviously dominated by these events.[17] Some memorable athletic achievements did occur during these Games, notably the winning of a then-tape vii gold medals by United States swimmer Mark Spitz, Lasse Virén (of Finland)'s dorsum-to-back gold in the 5,000 meters and 10,000 meters, and the winning of three gold medals by Soviet gymnastic star Olga Korbut - who accomplished a historic backflip off the high bar. Korbut, however, failed to win the all-around, losing to her teammate Ludmilla Tourischeva.

There was no such tragedy in Montreal in 1976, but bad planning and fraud led to the Games' cost far exceeding the upkeep. The Montreal Games were the most expensive in Olympic history, until the 2022 Winter Olympics, costing over $5 billion (equivalent to $22.03 billion in 2020). For a time, it seemed that the Olympics might no longer be a viable financial proposition. In retrospect, the belief that contractors (suspected of being members of the Montreal Mafia) skimmed large sums of money from all levels of contracts while also profiting from the substitution of cheaper building materials of lesser quality, may have contributed to the delays, poor construction, and excessive costs. In 1988, 1 such contractor, Giuseppe Zappia "was cleared of fraud charges that resulted from his work on Olympic facilities after two fundamental witnesses died before testifying at his trial".[18] There was likewise a boycott by many African nations to protest against a recent tour of apartheid-run South Africa by the New Zealand national rugby wedlock team. The Romanian gymnast Nadia Comăneci won the women'southward individual all-around gold medal with two of four possible perfect scores, this giving birth to a gymnastics dynasty in Romania. She also won two other individual events, with two perfect scores in the balance beam and all perfect scores in the uneven bars. Lasse Virén repeated his double aureate in the 5,000 meters and x,000 meters, making him the first athlete to ever win the distance double twice.

End of the 20th century [edit]

Post-obit the Soviet Union's 1979 invasion of Transitional islamic state of afghanistan, 66 nations, including the United States, Canada, West Germany, and Nippon, boycotted the 1980 games held in Moscow. Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games – the smallest number since 1956. The boycott contributed to the 1980 Games being a less publicised and less competitive thing, which was dominated by the host country.

In 1984 the Soviet Union and 13 Soviet allies reciprocated past boycotting the 1984 Summertime Olympics in Los Angeles. Romania, notably, was 1 of the nations in the Eastern Bloc that did nourish the 1984 Olympics. These games were mayhap the first games of a new era to brand a turn a profit. Although a boycott led past the Soviet Spousal relationship depleted the field in certain sports, 140 National Olympic Committees took part, which was a tape at the time.[nineteen] The Games were likewise the first time mainland China (People's Republic) participated.

Co-ordinate to British journalist Andrew Jennings, a KGB colonel stated that the bureau'due south officers had posed every bit anti-doping authorities from the IOC to undermine doping tests and that Soviet athletes were "rescued with [these] tremendous efforts".[20] On the topic of the 1980 Summer Olympics, a 1989 Australian report said "There is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gilded medal winner, who is not on ane sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might also have been called the Chemists' Games."[twenty]

Documents obtained in 2022 revealed the Soviet Matrimony'south plans for a statewide doping organisation in track and field in grooming for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Dated prior to the country's determination to boycott the Games, the certificate detailed the existing steroids operations of the plan, along with suggestions for further enhancements.[21] The communication, directed to the Soviet Union's head of track and field, was prepared past Dr. Sergei Portugalov of the Institute for Concrete Culture. Portugalov was also ane of the main figures involved in the implementation of the Russian doping programme prior to the 2022 Summer Olympics.[21]

The 1988 games, in Seoul, was very well planned but the games were tainted when many of the athletes, most notably men'south 100 metres winner Ben Johnson, failed mandatory drug tests. Despite first-class drug-free performances past many individuals, the number of people who failed screenings for operation-enhancing chemicals overshadowed the games.

The 1992 Barcelona Games featured the comprisal of players from ane of the Northward American top leagues, the NBA, exemplified by but not limited to US basketball'south "Dream Squad". The 1992 games likewise saw the reintroduction to the Games of several smaller European states which had been incorporated into the Soviet Union since World War 2. At these games, gymnast Vitaly Scherbo set an inaugural medal record of five individual gold medals at a Summertime Olympics, and equaled the inaugural tape set by Eric Heiden at the 1980 Winter Olympics.

By so the procedure of choosing a location for the Games had go a commercial concern; there were widespread allegations of corruption potentially affecting the IOC's conclusion process.

At the Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics, the highlight was 200 meters runner Michael Johnson annihilating the earth record in front of a home crowd. Canadians savoured Donovan Bailey'southward recording golden medal run in the 100-meter nuance. This was popularly felt to be an appropriate recompense for the previous national disgrace involving Ben Johnson. There were likewise emotional scenes, such every bit when Muhammad Ali, clearly affected by Parkinson'southward affliction, lit the Olympic torch and received a replacement medal for the one he had discarded in 1960. The latter event took place in the basketball arena. The atmosphere at the Games was marred, still, when a flop exploded during the celebration in Centennial Olympic Park. In June 2003, the principal suspect in this bombing, Eric Robert Rudolph, was arrested.

The 2000 Summer Olympics was held in Sydney, Australia, and showcased private performances past local favorite Ian Thorpe in the pool, Briton Steve Redgrave who won a rowing gold medal in an unprecedented 5th consecutive Olympics, and Cathy Freeman, an Indigenous Australian whose triumph in the 400 meters united a packed stadium. Eric "the Eel" Moussambani, a swimmer from Equatorial Guinea, received wide media coverage when he completed the 100 meter freestyle swim in by far the slowest fourth dimension in Olympic history. He still won the heat every bit both his opponents had been disqualified for false starts. His female compatriot Paula Barila Bolopa also received media attending for her record-slow and struggling but courageous functioning. The Sydney Games also saw the first appearance of a joint Northward and S Korean contingent at the opening ceremonies, though they competed as different countries. Controversy occurred in the Women's Creative Gymnastics when the vaulting equus caballus was set to the wrong height during the Accommodating Competition.

Start of the 21st century and new millennium [edit]

In 2004, the Olympic Games returned to their birthplace in Athens, Hellenic republic. At least $7.2 billion was spent on the 2004 Games, including $one.5 billion on security. Michael Phelps won his first Olympic medals, tallying six gold and two bronze medals. Pyrros Dimas, winning a bronze medal, became the virtually decorated weightlifter of all fourth dimension with 4 Olympic medals, 3 gold and one bronze. Although unfounded reports of potential terrorism drove crowds away from the preliminary competitions at the first weekend of the Olympics (14–15 August 2004), attendance picked up as the Games progressed. A third of the tickets failed to sell,[22] just ticket sales still topped figures from the Seoul and Barcelona Olympics (1988 and 1992).[ citation needed ] IOC President Jacques Rogge characterised Greece'south organisation equally outstanding and its security precautions as flawless.[23] All 202 NOCs participated at the Athens Games with over 11,000 participants.

The 2008 Summer Olympics was held in Beijing, People's Commonwealth of Communist china. Several new events were held, including the new discipline of BMX for both men and women. Women competed in the steeplechase for the first time. The fencing programme was expanded to include all half dozen events for both men and women; previously, women had not been able to compete in squad foil or sabre events, although women's team épée and men'due south team foil were dropped for these Games. Marathon swimming events were added, over the distance of 10 km (six.2 mi). Likewise, the doubles events in tabular array tennis were replaced by squad events.[24] American swimmer Michael Phelps set a record for gold medals at a single Games with viii, and tied the record of most aureate medals by a unmarried competitor previously held by both Eric Heiden and Vitaly Scherbo. Some other notable star of the Games was Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt, who became the first male person athlete ever to set world records in the finals of both the 100 and 200 metres in the aforementioned Games. Equestrian events were held in Hong Kong.

London held the 2012 Summer Olympics, becoming the offset city to host the Olympic Games three times. In his closing address, Jacques Rogge described the Games every bit "Happy and glorious". The host nation won 29 gold medals, the best haul for Uk since the 1908 Games in London. The United States returned to the elevation of the medal table after Cathay dominated in 2008. The IOC had removed baseball and softball from the 2012 programme. The London Games were successful on a commercial level because they were the get-go in history to completely sell out every ticket, with as many as one million applications for 40,000 tickets for both the Opening Ceremony and the 100m Men's Sprint Final. Such was the demand for tickets to all levels of each event that there was controversy over seats beingness prepare bated for sponsors and National Delegations which went unused in the early on days. A system of reallocation was put in place and so the empty seats were filled throughout the Games.

Rio de Janeiro in Brazil hosted the 2022 Summer Olympics, condign the first South American city to host the Olympics, the second Olympic host city in Latin America, later United mexican states City in 1968, besides equally the 3rd city in the Southern Hemisphere to host the Olympics subsequently Melbourne, Australia, in 1956 and Sydney, Commonwealth of australia, in 2000. The preparation for these Games was overshadowed past controversies, including the political instability of Brazil'south federal government; the state'southward economic crisis; health and safety concerns surrounding the Zika virus and significant pollution in the Guanabara Bay; and a state-sponsored doping scandal involving Russia, which afflicted the participation of its athletes in the Games.[25]

The 2022 Summer Olympics were originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2022 in Tokyo, Japan. The city was the 5th in history to host the Games twice, and the first Asian city to take this title. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe, the IOC and the Tokyo Organising Committee announced that the 2022 Games were to be delayed until 2021, mark the showtime time that the Olympic Games have been postponed. Different previous Olympics, these Games took identify without spectators due to concerns over COVID-nineteen and a state of emergency imposed in the host city. [26] [27] [28] The Tokyo 2022 Olympics Games, however, featured many highly memorable moments. US gymnast and gold medal favourite Simone Biles gracefully bowed out to focus on her mental wellness, but later returned to claim a bronze medal. Norway's Karsten Warholm obliterated his own world record to set a new earth and olympic record in 400m hurdles.

Sports [edit]

In that location has been a full of 42 sports, spanning 55 disciplines, included in the Olympic programme at one point or another in the history of the Games. The schedule has comprised 33 sports for recent Summer Olympics (2020); the 2012 Games featured 26 sports because of the removal of baseball and softball.[29]

The various Olympic Sports federations are grouped under a mutual umbrella association, called the Clan of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF).

 Current sport  No longer included

Sport Years
Archery 1900–1908, 1920, since 1972
Artistic swimming Since 1984
Athletics All
Badminton Since 1992
Baseball 1992–2008, 2020, 2028
Basketball game Since 1936
Basque pelota 1900
Breaking To begin 2024
Boxing 1904, 1908, since 1920
Canoeing Since 1936
Cricket 1900
Croquet 1900
Cycling All
Diving Since 1904
Equestrian 1900, since 1912
Fencing All
Field hockey 1908, 1920, since 1928
Football 1900–1928, since 1936
Golf 1900, 1904, since 2016
Gymnastics All
Handball 1936, since 1972
Jeu de paume 1908
Judo 1964, since 1972
Karate 2020
Lacrosse 1904, 1908
Modern pentathlon Since 1912
Polo 1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, 1936
Rackets 1908
Roque 1904
Rowing Since 1900
Rugby union 1900, 1908, 1920, 1924
Rugby sevens Since 2016
Sailing 1900, since 1908
Shooting 1896, 1900, 1908–1924, since 1932
Skateboarding Since 2020
Softball 1996–2008, 2020, 2028
Sport climbing Since 2020
Surfing Since 2020
Swimming All
Tabular array tennis Since 1988
Taekwondo Since 2000
Tennis 1896–1924, since 1988
Triathlon Since 2000
Tug of state of war 1900–1920
Volleyball Since 1964
Water motorsports 1908
Water polo Since 1900
Weightlifting 1896, 1904, since 1920
Wrestling 1896, since 1904

Qualification [edit]

Qualification rules for each of the Olympic sports are set by the International Sports Federation (IF) that governs that sport's international competition.[30]

For individual sports, competitors typically qualify past attaining a certain place in a major international event or on the IF's ranking list. There is a general rule that a maximum of 3 individual athletes may represent each nation per competition. National Olympic Committees (NOCs) may enter a limited number of qualified competitors in each event, and the NOC decides which qualified competitors to select as representatives in each issue if more accept attained the criterion than can exist entered.[31]

Nations most often qualify teams for team sports through continental qualifying tournaments, in which each continental association is given a certain number of spots in the Olympic tournament. Each nation may be represented by no more than than ane team per competition; a team consists of just ii people in some sports.

Popularity of Olympic sports [edit]

The IOC divides Summer Olympic sports into five categories (A – E) based on popularity, gauged by six criteria: television set viewing figures (forty%), internet popularity (20%), public surveys (15%), ticket requests (x%), press coverage (10%), and number of national federations (5%). The category of a sport determines the share of Olympic revenue received past that sport'south International Federation.[32] [33] Sports that were new to the 2022 Olympics (rugby and golf) have been placed in Category E.

The electric current categories are:

Cat. No. Sport
A 3 athletics, aquatics,[a] gymnastics
B 5 basketball, cycling, football game, tennis, volleyball
C 8 archery, badminton, boxing, judo, rowing, shooting, table lawn tennis, weightlifting
D ix canoe/kayaking, equestrian, fencing, handball, field hockey, sailing, taekwondo, triathlon, wrestling
E 3 modern pentathlon, golf, rugby
F 6 baseball/softball, karate, skateboarding, sport climbing, surfing

a Aquatics encompasses artistic swimming, diving, swimming, and water polo.

All-time medal table [edit]

The table below uses official data provided by the IOC.

Defunct nation

No. Nation Gold Silver Bronze Full Games
1  The states(USA) 1060 831 738 2629 28
ii  Soviet Union(URS) 395 319 296 1010 nine
3  Great britain(GBR) 285 319 314 918 29
4  China(CHN) 262 199 173 634 11
5  France(FRA) 223 251 277 751 29
6  Italy(ITA) 217 188 213 618 28
7  Germany(GER) 201 207 247 655 17
8  Hungary(HUN) 181 154 176 511 27
9  Japan(JPN) 169 150 178 497 23
10  Australia(AUS) 164 173 210 547 27
11  Eastward Germany(German democratic republic) 153 129 127 409 5
12  Russia(RUS) 149 126 151 426 6
xiii  Sweden(SWE) 148 176 179 503 28
14  Republic of finland(FIN) 101 85 119 305 26
fifteen  South korea(KOR) 96 91 100 287 18
sixteen  Netherlands(NED) 95 105 122 322 27
17  Romania(ROU) ninety 97 121 308 22
18  Cuba(CUB) 84 69 82 235 21
19  Poland(POL) 72 89 137 298 22
20  Canada(Tin can) 71 109 146 326 27

Medal leaders by twelvemonth [edit]

Number of occurrences

List of Summer Olympic Games [edit]

The IOC has never decided which events of the early Games were "Olympic" and which were not.[34] The founder of the modern Olympics, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, ceded that decision to the organisers of those Games.

Olympiad No. Host Games dates /
Opened by 		Sports
(Disciplines) 		Competitors Events Nations Elevation nation
Full Men Women
Amateur era
1896[35] I Kingdom of Greece Athens 6–fifteen April 1896
Male monarch George I 		nine (10) 241 241 0 43 xiv+i[A]  United States(USA)
1900[36] Two France Paris 14 May – 28 October 1900
North/A 		nineteen (twenty) 1226 N/A N/A 95[B] 26+4[C]+1[A]  French republic(FRA)
1904[37] Three United States St. Louis i July – 23 Nov 1904
Sometime Mayor David R. Francis 		16 (17) 651 645 half dozen 95[D] 12+one[A]  U.s.(USA)
1908[38] IV United Kingdom London 27 April – 31 October 1908
Male monarch Edward VII 		22 (25) 2008 1971 37 110 22  Great United kingdom(GBR)
1912[39] V Sweden Stockholm 6–22 July 1912
King Gustaf V 		14 (18) 2407 2359 48 102 28  United States(United states of america)
1916 VI[East] Awarded to Germany (Berlin). Cancelled due to World War I
1920[twoscore] Vii Belgium Antwerp xiv Baronial – 12 September 1920
King Albert I 		22 (29) 2626 2561 65 156[F] 29  United States(U.s.)
1924[41] VIII France Paris 5–27 July 1924
President Gaston Doumergue 		17 (23) 3089 2954 135 126 44  U.s.(USA)
1928[42] IX Netherlands Amsterdam 28 July – 12 Baronial 1928
Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 		14 (20) 2883 2606 277 109 46  United states(Us)
1932[43] X United States Los Angeles 30 July – 14 August 1932
Vice President Charles Curtis 		1332 1206 126 117 37  United States(Usa)
1936[44] 11 Nazi Germany Berlin i–sixteen Baronial 1936
Chancellor Adolf Hitler[G] 		nineteen (25) 3963 3632 331 129 49  Germany(GER)
1940 XII[Eastward] Originally awarded to Japan (Tokyo), so awarded to Finland (Helsinki). Cancelled due to World War II
1944 Xiii[E] Awarded to United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland (London). Cancelled due to World War Two
1948[45] Xiv United Kingdom London 29 July – 14 August 1948
King George VI 		17 (23) 4104 3714 390 136 59  United States(USA)
1952[46] 15 Finland Helsinki 19 July – 3 August 1952
President Juho Kusti Paasikivi 		4955 4436 519 149 69  Us(The states)
1956[4] XVI Australia Melbourne 22 Nov – eight December 1956
Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 		3314 2938 376 151[H] 72[I]  Soviet Marriage(URS)
1960[47] XVII Italy Rome 25 Baronial – 11 September 1960
President Giovanni Gronchi 		5338 4727 611 150 83  Soviet Matrimony(URS)
1964[48] XVIII Japan Tokyo 10–24 Oct 1964
Emperor Hirohito 		nineteen (25) 5151 4473 678 163 93  The states(USA)
1968[16] XIX Mexico Mexico City 12–27 Oct 1968
President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz 		xviii (24) 5516 4735 781 172 112  U.s.(USA)
1972[17] Twenty West Germany Munich 26 August – 11 September 1972[J]
President Gustav Heinemann 		21 (28) 7134 6075 1059 195 121  Soviet Marriage(URS)
1976[49] XXI Canada Montreal 17 July – 1 Baronial 1976
Queen Elizabeth II 		21 (27) 6084 4824 1260 198 92  Soviet Union(URS)
1980[50] XXII Soviet Union Moscow 19 July – 3 Baronial 1980
Communist Party General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev[Grand] 		5179 4064 1115 203 eighty  Soviet Union(URS)
1984[xix] XXIII United States Los Angeles 28 July – 12 August 1984
President Ronald Reagan 		21 (29) 6829 5263 1566 221 140  United states of america(USA)
Open era
1988[51] XXIV South Korea Seoul 17 September – 2 Oct 1988
President Roh Tae-woo 		23 (31) 8391 6197 2194 237 159  Soviet Union(URS)
1992[52] XXV Spain Barcelona 25 July – 9 August 1992
King Juan Carlos I 		25 (34) 9356 6652 2704 257 169  Unified Squad(EUN)
1996[53] XXVI United States Atlanta nineteen July – 4 August 1996
President Bill Clinton 		26 (37) 10318 6806 3512 271 197  U.s.(USA)
2000[54] XXVII Australia Sydney 15 September – 1 October 2000
Governor-General Sir William Deane 		28 (40) 10651 6582 4069 300 199  United States(USA)
2004[55] XXVIII Greece Athens 13–29 Baronial 2004
President Konstantinos Stephanopoulos 		10625 6296 4329 301 201  Usa(Us)
2008[56] XXIX China Beijing 8–24 August 2008
President Hu Jintao[Fifty] 		28 (41) 10942 6305 4637 302 204  China(CHN)
2012[57] Xxx United Kingdom London 27 July – 12 Baronial 2012
Queen Elizabeth Two 		26 (39) 10768 5992 4776 302 204  U.s.a.(Us)
2016[58] XXXI Brazil Rio de Janeiro 5–21 August 2016
Interim President Michel Temer 		28 (41) 11238 6179 5059 306 207  U.s.(USA)
2020[59] XXXII Japan Tokyo 23 July – eight Baronial 2021[Yard]
Emperor Naruhito 		33 (50) 11656 N/A Northward/A 339 206  United States(Us)
2024 [60] XXXIII France Paris 26 July – 11 Baronial 2024
TBA 		32 (48) 10500 [Due north] TBA TBA 329 TBA TBA
2028 [61] XXXIV United States Los Angeles 21 July – half-dozen Baronial 2028
TBA 		TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA
2032 [62] XXXV Australia Brisbane 23 July – 8 August 2032
TBA 		TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA
  • MixedTeam1896 MixedTeam1900 MixedTeam1904 The IOC site for the 1896, 1900 and 1904 Summer Olympic Games does not include Mixed teams (teams of athletes from different nations) as carve up "nation" when counting participating nations. At the aforementioned time the IOC shows Mixed team in the results of competitions where these teams competed. Thus, specified number of national teams plus Mixed teams participated in the Games.
  • Events1900 At an before time the IOC database for the 1900 Summer Olympics listed 85 medal events, 24 participating countries and 997 athletes (22 women, 975 men).[63] The Olympic historian and writer, Bill Mallon,[64] whose studies have shed light on the topic, suggested the number 95 events satisfying all four retrospective selection criteria (restricted to amateurs, international participation, open to all competitors and without handicapping) and now should be considered every bit Olympic events. In July 2021, the IOC upgraded its complete online database of all Olympic results explicitly to comprise the information of the Olympic historians website, Olympedia.org, thus accepting Mallon's recommendation (based on four applied criteria) for events of the 1900 Olympic Games. The eleven events, the results of which had nevertheless been shown within the before IOC database, have been added over the onetime full of 85. Оne shooting result (xx metre military pistol, which was an result for professionals) accept been removed. Acceptance of Mallon's recommendation increased the number of events to 95, and likewise entailed increasing the number of participation countries up to 26 and athletes up to 1226. Afterwards upgrading of the IOC online database the IOC web site results section contains 95 events.[65] Yet the IOC webpage for the 1900 Summer Olympics shows a total of 96 (not 95) medal events, 26 participating countries and 1226 athletes.[36] The reason for the discrepancy in the number of events on the IOC webpage is unknown. Furthermore, the IOC factsheet "The Games of the Olympiad" of Nov 2022 refers to 95 events, simply all the same refers to quondam numbers of participating countries (24) and athletes (997).[9]
  • Nations1900 According to the International Olympic Commission, 26 nations sent competitors to this edition.[36] The concept of "national teams" chosen past National Olympic Committees did non exist at this signal in time. When counting the number of participating countries in the early on Olympic Games, the IOC does not take into business relationship otherwise unrepresented countries whose citizens competed for other countries. Modern enquiry shows[64] that at the 1900 Olympics, the athletes of at to the lowest degree iv otherwise unrepresented countries (Canada, Luxembourg, Republic of colombia, New Zealand) competed for other countries in both individual and team sports. The IOC website lists all of them in the results section under their nationalities,[65] simply does not include their countries among the 26 participating countries.[36]
  • Events1904 The IOC webpage for the 1904 Summer Olympics[37] sets the number at 95 events, while at in one case the IOC webpage[66] listed 91. The figure of 91 is sourced to a work by Olympic historian and author, Neb Mallon,[67] whose studies accept shed calorie-free on the topic. Events satisfying all four of these retrospective selection criteria — restricted to amateurs, international participation, open to all competitors and without handicapping — are now regarded as Olympic events.
  • No1916 No1940 No1944 Although the Games of 1916, 1940, and 1944 were cancelled, the Roman numerals for those Games were nevertheless applied because the official titles of the Summer Games count the Olympiads, not the Games themselves, per the Olympic Charter.[68] This contrasts with the Wintertime Olympics, which ignore the cancelled Winter Games of 1940 and 1944 in their numeric count.
  • Events1920 The IOC webpage for the 1920 Summer Olympics[40] gives the figure of 156 events, while at once the IOC webpage[69] listed 154 (difference was two sailing events in Amsterdam).
  • OpenedBy1936 IOC records state Hitler opened these Games every bit "Chancellor" (Head of Authorities), but in 1934 that office was consolidated with "President" (Head of State) into "Führer und Reichskanzler", or "Führer".[seventy]
  • Events1956 The IOC webpage for the 1956 Summertime Olympics[4] gives a total of 151 events (145 events in Melbourne and 6 equestrian events in Stockholm).
  • Nations1956 Attributable to Australian quarantine laws, vi equestrian events were held in Stockholm for the 1956 Summer Olympics several months before the other events in Melbourne; five of the 72 nations competed in the equestrian events in Stockholm, but did not attend the main Games in Melbourne.
  • Dates1972 The 1972 Summertime Olympics was originally scheduled to end on 10 September 1972, but was postponed to a mean solar day on xi September later events had been suspended for 34 hours due to the Munich massacre, which happened subsequently day 9.
  • OpenedBy1980 IOC records state Brezhnev opened the Moscow Games every bit "President", a title used at that time by the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, or de jure head of land. (The part of President of the Soviet Union was not created until 1990, a year earlier the nation broke upwardly.) Though Brezhnev was also de facto ruler as General Secretary of the Communist Political party, that title is non reflected in IOC records.[70]
  • OpenedBy2008 IOC records land Hu Jintao opened the Beijing Games as "President", de jure head of state. Though Hu was also de facto ruler as General Secretarial assistant of the Chinese Communist Party, that title is not reflected in IOC records.[seventy]
  • Dates2020 Originally scheduled for 24 July – 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed by one year due to the COVID-xix pandemic. However, the upshot was still referred to as the 2022 Summer Olympics to preserve the 4-year Olympiad cycle.[26]
  • Competitors2024 Number of athletes will exist in limited quota into an equal number of gender participants.[71]

Encounter as well [edit]

  • Listing of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games
  • Listing of Olympic Games scandals and controversies
  • Lists of Olympic medalists
  • Olympic Games anniversary
  • Olympic Stadium
  • Summer Paralympic Games
  • Paralympic Games
  • Winter Olympic Games

References [edit]

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  3. ^ Schaffer, Kay (2000). The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. p. 271.
  4. ^ a b c "Melbourne 1956". IOC . Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  5. ^ Tarasouleas, Athanasios (Summer 1993). "The Female Spiridon Loues" (PDF). Citius, Altius, Fortius. i (3): 11–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
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  9. ^ a b "Factsheet - The Games of the Olympiad" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 16 Nov 2021. p. 1. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  10. ^ Lovesey, Peter (December 2001). "Conan Doyle and the Olympics" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. 10: half-dozen–ix. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2010.
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  62. ^ "Brisbane 2032". IOC . Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  63. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy every bit title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  64. ^ a b Mallon, Beak (1998). The 1900 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary. Jefferson, Due north Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 25–28. ISBN978-0-7864-4064-1.
  65. ^ a b "Paris 1900 Results". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 Jan 2022.
  66. ^ "St. Louis 1904 (archived)". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  67. ^ Mallon, Bill (1999). The 1904 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary. Jefferson, Northward Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. one. ISBN9781476621609.
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  71. ^ "Gender equality and youth at the eye of the Paris 2024 Olympic Sports Programme". www.olympics.com/. International Olympic Committee. 7 Dec 2020. Retrieved two August 2020. The 10,500-athlete quota set for Paris 2024, including new sports, volition pb to an overall reduction in the number of athletes

External links [edit]

  • Official Site of the Olympic Movement
  • Candidate Cities for future Olympic Games

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games

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